On the scaling rules for the anomaly-induced effective action of metric and electromagnetic field

The anomaly-induced effective action is a useful tool for deriving the contributions coming from quantum effects of massless conformal fields. It is well-known that such corrections in the higher derivative vacuum sector of the gravitational action provide the same exponential inflation (Starobinsky model) as the cosmological constant term. At the same time, the presence of a classical electromagnetic field breaks down the exponential solution. In this paper we explore the role of the anomaly-induced term in the radiation sector and, furthermore, derive the ``equation of state'' and the scaling laws for all terms in the Einstein equations. As one could expect, the scaling law for the vacuum anomaly-induced effective action is the same as for the cosmological constant.Comment: 12 pages, LaTeX, 4 figure

Knocking on the Door: Barriers to Welfare and Other Assistance for Teen Parents

The 1996 welfare reform legislation, which established the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program, sought, among other purposes, to move recipients off of welfare and into work and to prevent long-term welfare receipt. Policymakers recognized that concentrating on teen parents was an important part of tackling the problem of long-term receipt of welfare: although teen parents represent only about five percent of the overall TANF caseload, historically about 50 percent of adult welfare recipients began parenting as teens. The legislation adopted a new approach for minor teen parents, creating two major requirements -- commonly known as the "living arrangement rule" and the "stay-in-school rule." The first required unmarried, custodial teen parents under age 18 to live at home or in an adult-supervised setting, and the second required that they participate in school or approved training until obtaining a high school diploma or General Educational Development (GED) equivalency diploma.In the years since 1996, some states have reported greater declines in the number of teen parents receiving TANF relative to the general caseload declines. Limited qualitative information indicated that some teens were being turned away at local TANF offices, without having the opportunity to complete applications -- that is, they were knocking on the door but not getting in. Because TANF can have an important role in helping low-income teen parents stay on track towards economic independence, this information alarmed teen parent advocates and led the Center for Impact Research (CIR) to conduct a collaborative survey project in Chicago to determine what was happening to teen mothers who were in need of assistance. The Chicago survey was replicated in Boston and Atlanta, and this report highlights the collective findings across the three sites. In conducting the survey, CIR intended that about half of the respondents in all three sites were current recipients of TANF assistance and half were not

Accessing TANF Assistance: A Survey of Low-Income Young Mothers in Chicago

In 2000-2001, the Center for Impact Research (CIR), in collaboration with other concerned organizations, set out to obtain more information from young mothers about their experiences with TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) receipt in order to determine if changes in the TANF application process for teens are needed, and whether the Illinois Department of Human Services (IDHS) is effectively engaging teens in the TANF system. Working with community-based organizations, CIR trained young mothers to locate and survey other young mothers in low-income communities. A total of 601 young mothers, ages 13-21, were interviewed. Summary of Findings: CIR found that many young mothers were told they were ineligible for TANF and left TANF offices without having filled out applications; that those who had applied and were not receiving TANF were in need of education and employment; and that the older respondents -- who no longer qualified for the in-depth case management -- were experiencing more hardship than younger respondents

Spin-orbit correlation energy in neutron matter

We study the relevance of the energy correlation produced by the two-body spin-orbit coupling present in realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials. To this purpose, the neutron matter Equation of State (EoS) is calculated with the realistic two-body Argonne $v_8'$ potential. The shift occuring in the EoS when spin-orbit terms are removed is taken as an estimate of the spin-orbit correlation energy. Results obtained within the Bethe-Brueckner-Goldstone expansion, extended up to three hole-line diagrams, are compared with other many-body calculations recently presented in the literature. In particular, excellent agreement is found with the Green's function Monte-Carlo method. This agreement indicates the present theoretical accuracy in the calculation of the neutron matter EoS.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables; to appear in Phys. Rev.

Neutron matter at low density and the unitary limit

Neutron matter at low density is studied within the hole-line expansion. Calculations are performed in the range of Fermi momentum $k_F$ between 0.4 and 0.8 fm$^{-1}$. It is found that the Equation of State is determined by the $^1S_0$ channel only, the three-body forces contribution is quite small, the effect of the single particle potential is negligible and the three hole-line contribution is below 5% of the total energy and indeed vanishing small at the lowest densities. Despite the unitary limit is actually never reached, the total energy stays very close to one half of the free gas value throughout the considered density range. A rank one separable representation of the bare NN interaction, which reproduces the physical scattering length and effective range, gives results almost indistinguishable from the full Brueckner G-matrix calculations with a realistic force. The extension of the calculations below $k_F = 0.4$ fm$^{-1}$ does not indicate any pathological behavior of the neutron Equation of State.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures. To be published in Phys. Rev.

Photoassociation adiabatic passage of ultracold Rb atoms to form ultracold Rb_2 molecules

We theoretically explore photoassociation by Adiabatic Passage of two colliding cold ^{85}Rb atoms in an atomic trap to form an ultracold Rb_2 molecule. We consider the incoherent thermal nature of the scattering process in a trap and show that coherent manipulations of the atomic ensemble, such as adiabatic passage, are feasible if performed within the coherence time window dictated by the temperature, which is relatively long for cold atoms. We show that a sequence of ~2*10^7 pulses of moderate intensities, each lasting ~750 ns, can photoassociate a large fraction of the atomic ensemble at temperature of 100 microkelvin and density of 10^{11} atoms/cm^3. Use of multiple pulse sequences makes it possible to populate the ground vibrational state. Employing spontaneous decay from a selected excited state, one can accumulate the molecules in a narrow distribution of vibrational states in the ground electronic potential. Alternatively, by removing the created molecules from the beam path between pulse sets, one can create a low-density ensemble of molecules in their ground ro-vibrational state.Comment: RevTex, 23 pages, 9 figure